MySQL数据库的日期时间类型有date、time和datetime类型,还有timestamp类型,在Java代码中无论日期时间是什么样的格式,转换sql语句时统一为yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.S(Timestamp)的格式,创建案例简单演示。
CREATE TABLE `apple` (
`id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`date_variable` date DEFAULT NULL,
`time_variable` time DEFAULT NULL,
`datetime_variable` datetime DEFAULT NULL
)
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@TableName("apple")
public class Apple {
private String id;
private Date dateVariable;
private Date timeVariable;
private Date datetimeVariable;
}
@Mapper
public interface AppleMapper extends BaseMapper<Apple> {
}
public interface IAppleService extends IService<Apple> {
}
@Service
public class AppleServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<AppleMapper, Apple>
implements IAppleService {
}
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class AppleTest {
@Autowired
private IAppleService appleService;
@Test
public void test1() throws ParseException {
Apple apple = new Apple();
apple.setId("1001");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
Date date = simpleDateFormat.parse("2024-01-01 01:01:01");
apple.setDatetimeVariable(date);
appleService.save(apple);
}
}
当代码中的日期时间格式是yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,没有指定毫秒值,sql语句解析如下:
==> Preparing: INSERT INTO apple ( id, datetime_variable ) VALUES ( ?, ? )
==> Parameters: 1001(String), 2024-01-01 01:01:01.0(Timestamp)
<== Updates: 1
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class AppleTest {
@Autowired
private IAppleService appleService;
@Test
public void test1() throws ParseException {
Apple apple = new Apple();
apple.setId("1002");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒");
Date date = simpleDateFormat.parse("2024年01月02日 01时01分01秒");
apple.setDatetimeVariable(date);
appleService.save(apple);
}
}
当代码中的日期时间格式是yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒,没有指定毫秒值,sql语句解析如下:
==> Preparing: INSERT INTO apple ( id, datetime_variable ) VALUES ( ?, ? )
==> Parameters: 1002(String), 2024-01-02 01:01:01.0(Timestamp)
<== Updates: 1
在Java代码中无论日期时间(不指定毫秒值)是什么样的格式,转换sql语句时统一为yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.S(Timestamp)的格式
@Test
public void test1() throws ParseException {
List<Apple> list = new ArrayList<>();
Apple apple = new Apple();
apple.setId("1001");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
Date date = simpleDateFormat.parse("2023-12-06 17:59:27");
apple.setDateVariable(date);
Apple apple2 = new Apple();
apple2.setId("1002");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat2 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date2 = simpleDateFormat2.parse("2023-12-06");
apple2.setDateVariable(date2);
Apple apple3 = new Apple();
apple3.setId("1003");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat3 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");
Date date3 = simpleDateFormat3.parse("2023");
apple3.setDateVariable(date3);
list.add(apple);
list.add(apple2);
list.add(apple3);
appleService.saveBatch(list);
}
在Java代码中无论日期时间(不指定毫秒值)是什么样的格式,转换sql语句时统一为yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.S(Timestamp)的格式,代码中的sql语句解析如下:
==> Preparing: INSERT INTO apple ( id, date_variable ) VALUES ( ?, ? )
==> Parameters: 1001(String), 2023-12-06 17:59:27.0(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 1002(String), 2023-12-06 00:00:00.0(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 1003(String), 2023-01-01 00:00:00.0(Timestamp)
apple表中的date_variable字段是date类型,数据库表存储date类型的格式是yyyy-MM-dd, 多余的日期时间数据会截取掉,缺省的日期默认取01月01日,上述三条记录入表如下:
@Test
public void test1() throws ParseException {
List<Apple> list = new ArrayList<>();
Apple apple4 = new Apple();
apple4.setId("1004");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat4 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
Date date4 = simpleDateFormat4.parse("2023-12-06 17:59:27.123");
apple4.setTimeVariable(date4);
Apple apple5 = new Apple();
apple5.setId("1005");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat5 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
Date date5 = simpleDateFormat5.parse("2023-12-06 17:59:27");
apple5.setTimeVariable(date5);
Apple apple6 = new Apple();
apple6.setId("1006");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat6 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH");
Date date6 = simpleDateFormat6.parse("2023-12-06 17");
apple6.setTimeVariable(date6);
Apple apple7 = new Apple();
apple7.setId("1007");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat7 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date7 = simpleDateFormat7.parse("2023-12-06");
apple7.setTimeVariable(date7);
list.add(apple4);
list.add(apple5);
list.add(apple6);
list.add(apple7);
appleService.saveBatch(list);
}
在Java代码中无论日期时间(不指定毫秒值)是什么样的格式,转换sql语句时统一为yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.S(Timestamp)的格式,如果日期时间格式带有毫秒值,那么转换sql语句时将带有对应的毫秒值,代码中的sql语句解析如下:
==> Preparing: INSERT INTO apple ( id, time_variable ) VALUES ( ?, ? )
==> Parameters: 1004(String), 2023-12-06 17:59:27.123(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 1005(String), 2023-12-06 17:59:27.0(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 1006(String), 2023-12-06 17:00:00.0(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 1007(String), 2023-12-06 00:00:00.0(Timestamp)
apple表中的time_variable字段是time类型,数据库表存储time类型的格式是HH:mm:ss, 多余的日期时间数据会截取掉,缺省的时间默认取00时00分00秒,上述四条记录入表如下:
@Test
public void test1() throws ParseException {
List<Apple> list = new ArrayList<>();
Apple apple8 = new Apple();
apple8.setId("1008");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat8 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
Date date8 = simpleDateFormat8.parse("2023-12-06 17:59:27.123");
apple8.setDatetimeVariable(date8);
Apple apple9 = new Apple();
apple9.setId("1009");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat9 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
Date date9 = simpleDateFormat9.parse("2023-12-06 17:59:27");
apple9.setDatetimeVariable(date9);
Apple apple10 = new Apple();
apple10.setId("10010");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat10 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH");
Date date10 = simpleDateFormat10.parse("2023-12-06 17");
apple10.setDatetimeVariable(date10);
Apple apple11 = new Apple();
apple11.setId("10011");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat11 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date11 = simpleDateFormat11.parse("2023-12-06");
apple11.setDatetimeVariable(date11);
Apple apple12 = new Apple();
apple12.setId("10012");
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat12 =
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");
Date date12 = simpleDateFormat12.parse("2023");
apple12.setDatetimeVariable(date12);
list.add(apple8);
list.add(apple9);
list.add(apple10);
list.add(apple11);
list.add(apple12);
appleService.saveBatch(list);
}
在Java代码中无论日期时间(不指定毫秒值)是什么样的格式,转换sql语句时统一为yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.S(Timestamp)的格式,如果日期时间格式带有毫秒值,那么转换sql语句时将带有对应的毫秒值,代码中的sql语句解析如下:
==> Preparing: INSERT INTO apple ( id, datetime_variable ) VALUES ( ?, ? )
==> Parameters: 1008(String), 2023-12-06 17:59:27.123(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 1009(String), 2023-12-06 17:59:27.0(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 10010(String), 2023-12-06 17:00:00.0(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 10011(String), 2023-12-06 00:00:00.0(Timestamp)
==> Parameters: 10012(String), 2023-01-01 00:00:00.0(Timestamp)
apple表中的datetime_variable字段是datetime类型,数据库表存储datetime类型的格式是yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss, 多余的日期时间数据会截取掉,缺省的日期默认取01月01日 00时00分00秒,上述五条记录入表如下:
MySQL数据库的datetime和timestamp类型比较:
datetime类型需要8个字节的存储空间,timestamp类型需要4个字节的存储空间;
datetime类型的取值范围1001-01-01 00:00:00到9999-12-31 23:59:59;
timestamp类型的取值范围1970-01-01 00:00:00到2037-12-31 23:59:59 utc世界统一时间;
datetime类型存储的是本地时区(东八区)的日期时间,其他时区的用户查看数据也是东八区的日期时间,存在必然的误差,datetime类型存储数据基本上是原样输入和输出;
timestamp类型存储的是毫秒值,当前时间距1970-01-01 00:00:00的毫秒值,存储数据的时候需要对当前时间所在的时区进行转换,查询数据的时候再将时间转换为当前的时区,so使用timestamp类型存储的同一个时间值,在不同的时区查询时会显示不同的时间;
一般地,MySQL数据库存储日期时间使用datetime类型,用于日期时间函数计算使用timestamp类型,还有跨时区的业务用timestamp类型更合适;