非谓语动词
一．定义 1、不做谓语
2、形式：to do doing done 3、非谓语动词的否定形式直接在前面+not ※ to do(动词不定式） （一）时态和语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 主动语态 被动语态 Eg：I tried_____________( carry ) the heavy box upstairs.
I plan ______________________(t ake ) part in the race. I am sorry ____________________( keep ) you waiting.
They seemed _____________________( talk ) about something important. He is said to __________________________( work ) in the factory for ten years. （二）用法
1、做主语
Eg :It’s not easy _____________( study ) well. 2、 作宾语
Eg：i want ________________（ have ）a rest. * 能够直接+to do的动词
ask agree afford attempt begin choose continue dare decide determine demand deserve desire expect fail hate hope help hesitate intend like long learn manage mean need offer plan promise prefer prepare pretend refuse seem start try tend threaten want wish........
* 句型“主语+find （feel、think、make、believe、consider......）+it+形容词+to do
sth ” It为形式宾语，to do为真正主语 Eg：He made it a rule ________(get) up at 6.
I find it difficult __________________(understand) it. 3、作表语
One’s dream/goal/aim/task/job/duty/ambition„„is + to do sth Eg:My dream is _______________(become) a teacher.
Now the most important thing is ___________(study) well. 4、做主语补足语
Be said/reported/imagined/thought/considered/known/supposed„„ +to do sth
Eg：My Eglish teacher is said _____________(have) studied in South China Normal university.
Liu Xiang is reported ________________(have) won the 110-meters hurdles. 5、做宾语补足语
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Eg: He asked me __________(attend) the meeting. * 能够用于“动词+宾语+不定式”的动词：
Allow advise ask beg cause command drive expect force forbid get help invite lead order permit prefer persuade require teach tell train want wish remind request ....... 6、作定语
Eg：I would like something ____________(eat).
He is always the first _______________(come).
We all have a chance ____________(go) to the college.
The meeting _____________________________(hold) next week is very important.
7、做状语（表示目的、原因、结果或条件） Eg:I’m very glad ___________( hear) the news. He’s old enough ___________(go ) to school. I came here ___________( learn) from you.
I hurried to the station，only ___________( find ) that the train had gone. 8、不带to 的不定式 使役动词：make 、have、let
感官动词：see、hear、watch、notice、observe、feel Eg:I often hear him ___________( sing) the song.
→He is often _____________________sing the song.(改为被动） He often makes his sister cry.
→His sister is often _____________________________by him.
在“would rather.....than.....或would......rather than.....”的than后面用不带to的动词不定式。
Eg: I would rather stay at home rather than _____________(go）out.
* to do 在介词but/except/besides后面时，这些介词前有实意动词do 的各种形式，则后面
接不带to的不定式，否则，要带to.
Eg: I could do nothing but ______________(give) up.
I have no choice but ______________________(give）up.
※ V-ing
（一）时态和语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 完成式 ① V-ing一般式表示的动作或谓语动作或状态是________或几乎_________或_______发生。
Eg: He pratises_______________(sing) everyday. I am looking forward to_________(see) you.
② V-ing完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作__________。
Eg: ________________(work) all day,I went to bed early.
The house showed no sign of ___________________(damage). （二）V-ing的用法 1、做主语
Eg:____________(see) is believing.
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It is no use _____________(cry.
* it is no use/no good/fun/nice/useless+__________(do)sth. 2、作宾语
Eg: He is fond of _________(play) football. * 能够直接加V-ing的动词： Admit、 advise、 allow、 avoid、 consider、 delay、 enjoy、 escape、fancy、 finish、 keep、 feel like、 imagine、 forbid、 mind、 miss、 permit、pratise、 prevent、 risk、 resist、 deny、 suggest、 keep on、 put off、 insist on、 set about、 succeed in、 think of、....... 3、作表语
Eg: My hobby is ____________(play) basketball.
The news is ____________(excite) 4、作定语
Eg: I bought a new ____________(wash) machine.
Don’t wake up the ____________(sleep) baby. He told us an __________(interest) story.
The boy ____________(sit) by me is my brother. 5、作宾语补足语
Eg: I saw him ____________(cross) the road.
She kept me ___________(wait) for a long time.
I foud her ____________(lie)on the sofa when i enter the room. He was left ____________wait) in the room. 6、做状语
V-ing做状语，句子中的主语为V-ing动作的执行者，表原因、时间、方式、伴随、结果。 Eg:____________(hear) the news,he burst into laughter.表_______
→_______ he heard the news，he burst into laughter.
________________(know) his address,I can’t get in touch with him.
→____________I don’t know his address,I can’t get in touch with him.表_______ He came ____________(run) 表_______
He stood ____________(wait) for a bus.
→He stood and ______________(wait). 表_______
Her husbund died,_____________(leave) her 4 children.表_______ * 注意以下情况：
______________(judge) from his accent,he must be a southeaner. Generally __________（speak),this mathod is useful. ___________(consider)everything,they did a good joy. ※ V-ed
(一）时态和语态：只有____形式，即没有时态和语态的变化；时间方面，表示 ________的动作。语态方面，表_________的意思。 (二）V-ed 的用法
Eg: With ___________(fall) leaves buried in the earth,the soil becomes richer and richer.
The ____________(frighten) boy burst into tears.
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The story ____________(write) by him is very interesting. 2、作表语
Eg: My parents are___________(disappoint) at my study.
The book that I read is ______________(write) well. 3、作宾语补足语
Eg：I saw him ____________(beat) by two men.
He had his arm ____________(broken） He got the room ___________(clean)
I speak slowly and clearly to make myself ___________（hear). I find my wallet ______________(stolen）by a child. 4、做状语
Eg:________(see)from the mountain,the city looks beautiful. ___________(punish)by the teacher,he felt sad. ___________(give)more time,I will do it better. * with 的伴随
Eg:With a lot of problems ________________(solve),I am worried. The goat lay there,with its eyes_____________(close0
With the boy _____________(lead)the way,we found the house easily. ※ 独立主格结构
分词可以有一定意义的逻辑主语，通常是由名词或代词充当并置于分词之前，分词独立主格结构不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，表时间、原因、方式等。 Eg:When he heard the news,he burst into tears.
→When ____________(hear）the news,he burst into tears. →___________(hear）the news,he burst into tears. When we arrived in Shantou,it was midnight. → We___________in Shantou,it was midnight.
Because his leg was badly hurt,he had to stay in bed. → his leg badly _________,he had to stay in bed. If time permits,we will go hiking on Sunday.
→Time _______(permit),we will go hiking on Sunday.
He rushed into the room,his face___________(cover) with sweat.
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