高中语法与词汇大全
动词
I. 动词的时态:
1. 动词的时态一共有16种,以ask为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下:
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have should/would have asked asked have/has been 完成进行 asking had been asking shall/will have been should/would have been asking asking 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有联系,强调的是对现在造成
的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言
之,利用过去,说明现在。如:
I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过,且了
解这本书的内容)
2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,和现在无关,它可和表示过去的时间状语连
用,汉译英时可加“过”,“了”等词。简言之,仅谈过去,不关现在。如:
I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住)
I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关)
3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别:
两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用
现在完成时,如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。
一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have read that book.我读过那本书了。
I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。
4. 一般将来时的表达方式:
将来时 用法 例句 1 will/shall+动词原形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 My sister will be ten next year. It’s going to clear up. be going to+动词原2 形 表示很有可能要发生某事 tonight. 含有“打算,计划,即将”做某事,或We’re going to have a party go, come, start, move, leave, arrivebe + doing 进行时表3 示将来 动作 等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的Are they leaving for Europe? He is moving to the south. I was about to leave when the be about to + 动词原表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动4 形 作,后面一般不跟时间状语 The meeting is about to close. bell rang. We’re to meet at the school 5 be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 gate at noon. 6 一般现在时表示将来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事The meeting starts at five o’
情,可用一般现在时表示将来 clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening.
II. 动词的被动语态:
常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 1含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 0 注 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。 固定结构be 意 going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如: Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.
事 Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如: 项 It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义:如: The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态: leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear,
happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等
非谓语动词
I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:
构成 非谓语形式 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 特征和作用 to do to be done for sb. to to be to have been 在非谓do sth. 具有名词,副词和形容词的作用 不定式 doing done 语前加在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 to have not done
doing 现在having 分分词 done 词 过去done 分词 being done having been 具有副词和形容词的作用 done 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 doing being done sb’s 具有名词的作用 动名词 having having been doing 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 done done
定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二
是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
Do you know the man who is talking with who 人 主语 your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am whom, whichworking whom 人 宾语 The boy (whom) she loved died in the 中做宾语时,常war.. 关系I like those books whose topics are about 代词 history. whose 人,物 定语 The boy whose father works abroad is my 省略,也不可以deskmate. 用that A plane is a machine that can fly. 关系代词不能词提前时后面可以省略,但介和that在从句that 人,物 主语,宾语 She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. which 物 主语,宾语 The picture which was about the accident was terrible. He is such a person as is respected by all as做宾语一般as 人,物 主语,宾语 of us. 不省略 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. I will never forget the day when we met when 时间 时间状语 there. 关系where 副词 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned why 原因 原因状语 down my offer. 可用for which 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which 可用on which II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别:
情况 用法说明 例句
1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, 1.He told me everything that he nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 knows. 2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, 2.All the books that you offered no, some, few等修饰时 has been given out. 3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 3.This is the best film that I have 4. 先行词既指人又指物时 只用that的情5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 况 6. 句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we 时 remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? 只用which, 1. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代He has a son, who has gone
who, whom物,用who/whom指人 abroad for further study. 的情况 2. 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,I like the person to whom the 只能用which指物,whom指人。 teacher is talking. 3. 先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先Those who respect others are 行词为those, one, he时多用who。 usually respected by others.
III. as与which的区别:
定语从句 区别 例句 He is not such a fool as he looks. 限制性定名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词Don’t read such books as you can’t 语从句中 用as,不能用which understand.
They won the game, as we had as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有非限制性“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也定语从句可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从中 句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。 expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
类别 语法意义及特征 例句 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不限制性定语完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不从句 用逗号分开。 time when I left. The accident happened at the 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,非限制性定较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插语从句 入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省deeply, died ten years ago. His mother, whom he loved
略。
名词性从句
种类 作用 常用关联词 例句 that, whether, 在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,if, as if, as 主语从句 一般置谓语之前,也可用it作形though, who, 式主语,主语从句放主句之后 whose, which, Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter much. Whoever comes here will be welcome. 在复合句中做表语,相当于名词,how, when, 表语从句 位于系动词之后 where, why, It looks as if it is going to snow. what, 宾语从句 在复合句中做宾语,相当于名词 whatever, He asked me which team could win the game.
放在名词之后(news, problem, whoever, You have no idea how worried we idea, suggestion, advice, 同位语从句 thought, hope, fact等) 表明wherever are. The fact that he lied again greatly 其具体内容 surprised us.
状语从句
种类 连接词 注意点 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, 主句表示将来意义时,从句须用一般现在时;until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…时间状语 when, no sooner…than, the moment, the while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的;until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的,而minute, immediately, directly, instantly 否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。 地点状语 where, wherever because语气最强,since较弱,表示大家原因状语 because, as, since, now that 都明了的原因,as又次之。
if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on 条件状语 condition that 从句中动词时态不可用将来时,常用一般时代替 so that和in order that后常接may, 目的状语 so that, in order that, for fear that should, could, would等情态动词 结果状语 so…that, such…that than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the 比较状语 more as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟方式状语 as if, as though, as 语气。 though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;让步状语 whoever, no matter which, whichever, no although和though用正常语序,可和yetmatter how, however, no matter when, 连用,但不可和but连用 whenever
【词汇变通】
【完形填空词组及固定搭配常考汇总】
1 a host of 大量 2 a test for检测目的 3 a test on对……进行测试 4 a test with检测手段 5 above all 最重要的; 6 according to根据 7 account for 占(比例) 8 achieve one’s purpose达到目的9 achieve success 获得成功 10 achieve victory获得胜利 11 act on 遵照┄行动,作用于;
12 act on对…有影响
13 add up to 总计,合计
14 add… to 把…加到….
15 adhere to 坚持,奉行;
16 after all 毕竟,均不合题意; 17 agree on对……取得一致意见
18 agree to同意
19 agree with sb.同意某人的话
20 along with 和┄一道,和┄一起; 21 alternate (with)交替;
22 amount to 合计,共计;
23 an equal to与……相当的人/物,(地位)相同35 的人 36 24 and yet然而 37 25 anything but 一点也不; 38 26 anything like像……那样的东西 39 27 anywhere near接近于 40 28 apart form除……之外尚有 41 29 apply to 向……申请,适用于 42 30 appreciation of对……的欣赏/赞赏 43 31 argue against 反对 44 32 as a result of作为……的结果,由于 33 as a result(作为结果,因此)表结果,用45 不用逗号隔开看情况而定; 46 34 as a whole 作为一个整体,整个看来 47
as far as …/are concerned就……而言
as for至于,就…方面说
as if好像,仿佛
as soon as一~就~
as though好像,仿佛
as to 至于,关于; as well也,一样
as yet迄今,到目前为止
aside from 除┄之外;
associate … with…由……联想到……,
把……联系起来
association with与……的交往
at a disadvantage处于不利地位
at a loss不知所措
48 at a time每次,一次 49 at all 丝毫,根本; 50 at any moment即使,随时。 51 at first 首先,开始的时候; 52 at large未被捕获的,大多数; 53 at last 终于,最终; 54 at least至少 55 at length 最终,详细地; 56 at most最多 57 at no time从不,决不 58 at one time曾经,从前曾 59 at the cost of以……为代价 60 at the least 至少; 61 at times有时,间或;
62 at…speed以……的速度
63 attend on 照顾,侍候;
64 attribute … to 把……归于
65 back up 后退,支持;
66 base on 基于
67 be able to能够,胜任
68 be about to正打算
69 be accustomed to习惯于
70 be associated with 与……有关,与……有
关系
71 be aware of 意识到;
72 be capable of 有能力干;
73 be caught 遇到,陷入
74 be committed to被交给┄,答应承担┄义务;
75 be confined to 限制在,局限于; 88 76 be confined/be restricted受……限制 89 77 be dedicated to 奉献,献给; 90 78 be devoted to 被用于,贡献给 91 79 be directed to指向,针对 92 80 be drawn to 被┄所吸引; 93 81 be due to由于,因此 94 82 be exposed to 暴露在┄下,处在┄的作用之95 下; 96 83 be fond of 喜爱 97 84 be full of 充满他 98 85 be habitual to(him) 对(他来说)习以为常99 86 be in order合适,恰当。 1087 be involved in 参与,参加; 0
be involved with 与……有关连,
be left to 由┄来决定,由┄来想办法;
be limited to限制在┄,限定在┄;
be linked to/with something 与……连接
be proud of 为~而骄傲。
be referred to被提及,被提交
be related to与……有关
be sick of 厌恶┄,讨厌┄;
be subject to 经受,遭受;
be suitable for适合于
be sure of 对┄的肯定; be thrown in 额外赠送
be tied by/with被……捆绑
10be tied to 束缚于,捆绑于 101 8
10be tired of 厌倦┄,厌烦┄; 102 9
10behind time 晚点 113 0
10belief in对……的真实性或正确性具有的信114 心 1
10believe(… to be) 相信……是 115 2
10better than好于…… 116 3
10beyond question毋庸置疑 117 4
break away脱离,逃跑
break down 损坏,分解,瓦解
break into闯入
break in强行进行,打断
break off断绝,结束
break out突发,爆发
break through突破
11break up终止,结束,打碎 12by chance偶然,意外地
5 2
11bring about 产生; 12by choice处于选择
6 11bring forward 提出。 7 11bring out 使出现;公布;出版; 8 11bring up 培养,养大; 9 12by accident偶然,含有不幸的因素 0 12by all means无论如何,必定 1
3
12by contrast 对比之下; 4
12 by means of 用,依靠; 借助于 5
12by means of借助于
6
12by mistake错误地
7
12by the way顺便提一下
8
12by virtue of 凭借,借助;因为, 9 13by way of经由,通过…方式 0 13call forth唤起,引起 1 13call for邀请,要求,需要 2 13call off放弃,取消 3 13call on/upon访问,拜访 4 13care for 照顾,关心 5
13carry out贯彻,执行,实现
6
13cast light on阐明某事;
7
13catch up with赶上;
8
13catch sight of 看见;
9
14center on 把┄集中在,以┄为中心;0
14characterized by 以┄为特征; 1
14coincide with 与……相符
2
14come from 来自,来源于; 15come up 发生,形成;
3 0
14come off 成功; 15 comment on 评论,发表意见;
4 1
14come on涉及,谈及,到达,结束,总共,155 共计,突然想起 2
14come out出版,出现,结局是 156 3
14come to 等于,结果是; 总计,达到 157 4
14come under attack受到打击 158 5
14come under归人,受到 159 6
commit to交付,把……投入
comply with 遵守,服从; conform to 遵守,符合,顺应
consist of组成
consistent in 在(某方面)一致
15consistent with与……一致 16cut off 打断,中断;
7 4
15contribute to 有助于 ,促进,加剧; 16cut out 删掉;
8 15copy out 抄写; 9 16correlate with找出一一对应的关系 0 16count on指望; 1 16cut away 砍掉; 2 16cut down 削减; 3
5
16dedicate …to 奉献; 6
16depend on依靠,依赖
7
16die back 枯死; 8
16die down 逐渐消失;止息; 9
17die off 相继死去;
0
17die out消失;死绝; 1 17difference in在……方面的差别 2 17do something for/to 改进,增强 3 17doubt about怀疑 4 17due to 由于,因为 5 17dwell on 利用 6 17enter for 报名参加; 7
17enter into 开始 (谈话,讨论)
8
17entertain a proposal愿意考虑这一建设
9
18entertain an idea抱着一种想法
0
18even if甚至,即使
1
18even though (虽然,尽管)表让步;
2
18ever since(自从┄之后,从此以后)表时间;
3
18faithful to忠心于
4
18fall from 从…落下; 5 18far from毫不,远非 6 18favor of喜欢 7 18figure out计算出 8 18find out查明 9 19focus on集中于,集中研究 0 19followed by 接着是; 1
19for all 尽管;
2
19for example举例来说
3
19for instance 和 such as 都表示举例,前者
4 常接句子,后者常接名词或名词短语; 19for instance 例如
5
19for the purpose of 为了┄目的;
6
19for the sake of为了……起见
7
19frankly speaking坦白来说
8
19freedom from免于……(的自由) 20get along with进展,相处融洽
9 6
20from all appearances从所能见到和所能知20get away逃脱,离开
0 道的情况判断 20from all sides 从四面八方,全面地 1 20from now on从现在开始 2 20from/by all accounts根据方面所说 3 20gather up拾起,集拢; 4 20generally speaking一般来说 5
7
20get away逃脱,离开
8
20get down to开始,着手
9
21get in进入,收获,收集
0
21give in妥协,让步,投降,屈服
1
21give off放出,释放
2
21give out分发,放出 3 21give something away泄露 4 21give up停止,放弃 5 21give way让路,让步 6 21go beyond 超越,超过; 7 21go by从……旁走过,顺访 8 21go for追求 9
22go in进入,参加
0
22go through经历
1
22hand on传下来,依次传递
2
22hand out分发,散发
3
22hand over交出,移交
4
22have a bearing on与……有关系
5
22have difficulty with与---有分歧,相处不好
6
22hold back踌躇,退缩,阻止 7 22hold down 控制 8 22hold on to紧紧抓住,坚持 9 23hold on继续,握住不放,坚持 0 23hold out维持,伸出,提出,坚持 1 23hold up 保持良好,停止;阻滞 2 23hold up举起,承载,阻挡 3
23if only(要是,只要)表条件;
4
23in use 在使用;
5
23in … degree在……速度上
6
23in a sense (从某种意义上说)它可以放在
7 句首、句中或者句尾,一般不用逗号隔开;23in a state of 处于……的状态
8
23in a way从某一点上看
9
24in accord with与……一致
0
24in addition to 除……之外,并且 241 8
24in all 总共; 242 9 24in any case 无论如何,不管怎样; 253 0
24in case of 万一发生 … 254 1
24in case 假使,以防; 255 2
24in circles=in a circle在原地兜圈子,毫无进256 展 3
24in consequence 因此; 257 4
in doubt 有怀疑
in effect (实质上,实际上)它在句中一般
不需要用逗号隔开;
in essence实质上,本质上,根本上
in fact实际上
in firm voice 用清晰,坚定的声音。 in general 总的来说,大体上;
in general一般来说:
25in line with 与┄一致,符合┄; 265 2
25in mind心里想着某人或某事; 266 3
25in need of 需要 267 4
25in no way决不 268 5
25in one’s opinion在某人看来 269 6
26in one’s terms用……的话来说 260 in one’s view根据……观点 7
26in one’s way/in the way妨碍,阻碍 261 8
in order to为了
in order 整齐,恰当
in particular 尤其,特别;
in perspective 关系恰当地,观察合理地;in point of 说到,关于
in question 对… 表示 怀疑,有疑问
in reference to 关于,就┄而论;
26in regard to关于 279 6
27in relation to 关于,至于; 270 7
27in reply to 作为回答; 271 8
27in response to 作为对┄的回答,作为对┄272 的反应; 9
27in return for 作为对┄的汇报/交换; 28 3 0
27in short 总之,简言之; 284 1
27in spite of尽管; 285 2
in terms of 用┄的话;从┄方面来说;
in the analysis of 在对……进行分析时
in the bargain 此外,还
in the case of 至于┄,就┄来说;就…而论 in the company of 陪伴,伴随 ;
in the course of 在……过程中,在……期间in the end最后
28in the event of 万一发生; 3 28in the form of以┄形状,以┄形式; 4 28in the light of鉴于,由于; 5 28in the process of 在┄的过程中; 6 28in time后来渐渐,终于 ; 7 28in turn 依次地,反过来; 8 28in vain徒劳 9
29in whole 整个地
0
29infuse … into注入
1
29insist on坚持,一定要
2
29instead of 代替
3
29interest in对……的兴趣
4
29irrespective of不顾的,不考虑的;
5
29isolate …from 使~与~隔离;使孤立 ;6
29it used to be 过去的情况是…… 7 29join in 参加(某种活动); 8 29lay emphasis on 强调; 9 30lay/put blame on责怪,归咎于 0 30lead off 开始; 1 30lead on 继续引领; 2 30lead out 开始; 3
30lead to 导致;
4
30less than 不如,少于
5
30 link together联系在一起
6
30long before早在┄之前,很久以前7
30look on旁观,观看
8
30 loyal to忠诚于
9
31make a step 走一步 0
31make for 有助于,有利于; 31 1 8 31make one’s way前进,行进 312 9
31make out 弄懂;辨认,开出(支票,药方323 等) 0
31make sure 查明,弄确实; 324 1
31make towards朝…走去 325 2
31make way开路,让路 326 3
31mean by ……的意思,……意味着 327 4
more … than比……更……,与其说……不如
说……,不是……而是
more than不仅,不止;多于…
much as(虽然,尽管)表让步;
no less … than和…一样…,既…又…
no more … than既不会…也不会
not … but … 不是…而是…
now that(既然,由于)表原因;
32object to 反对; 5 32of course当然 6 32on a large scale大规模的(地) 7 32on a national scale在全国范围内8 32on account of 由于; 9 33on average 按平均值,通常; 0 33on behalf of 代表,为了; 1
33on campus在校园
2
33on occasion偶尔;
3
33on radio 用无线电,通过广播;
4
33on the average 按平均值,通常;
5
33on the basis of 根据,在……的基础上
6
33on the contrary相反
7
33on the grounds of 以……为理由
8
33on the occasion of 在…场合,值…之际;34 one another 相互
9 34on the other hand另一方面 0 34on the radio 通过广播,无线电广播中; 1 34on the side 额外地,作为兼职; 2 34on the side of在… 一边 3 34on the whole 总的来看; 4 34on time 准时; 5
6
34one or other 不管哪一个
7
34 only if (只要,只有)表条件; 8
34 other than 除了,不同于;
9
35out of step不一致,不协调
0
35out of the question 不可能的1
35out of use 不使用
2
35owe …to… 把 …归功于 36pay in cash 或 pay cash 付现金。
3 0
35pass out 分发,分配;昏倒,死去; 36pay off 赢利,取得好结果,
4 35pass off 中止,停止; 5 35pass on把…传递给另外一个人; 6 35pass out 失去知觉,晕倒; 7 35pay attention to 注意; 8 35pay by check用支票支付 9
1
36persist in坚持
2
36pick up 捡起,提高;
3
36plan for 为┄订计划;
4
36point to指向;
5
36properly speaking正确(公正)地讲
6
36provided that(假若,倘如)表条件; 377 4
36put together 加在一起; 378 5
36put up with 忍受; 379 6
37quite other完全不同的 370 7
37rather than ( 宁愿……)与其;是…而不是37 1 8
37refer to (… as) 提到,把……称为;参考37 2 9
37reflect discredit on使丧失名誉 383 0
reflect on思考,反省,怀疑
rely on 依靠,指望;
remove…from…把…从…去掉;撤职:responsible for 对~负责。
result from由…产生,因…而造成:
result in导致
ripe for 为什么做好准备。
38root out 发现 381 8
38run a risk 意为“冒风险” 382 9
38sacrifice something to为……牺牲某事 393 0
38secure sth. from attack使……受攻击 394 1
38set about开始,着手 395 2
38set aside掩饰出,留出 396 3
38set back推迟,延缓;阻碍 397 4
set down卸下,放下;记下
set forth阐明,陈述
set off 出发,使爆炸
set out陈列,显示,启程
share with 与┄分享; shoot a film拍摄一个镜头
side with站在┄一边,支持;
39similar to 与┄类似; 5 39since then从那时起 6 39something like大约,有几分像…… 7 39sooner than 早于┄; 8 39speed up加速; 9 40stand for代表,意味着 0 40step up增加,加速 在 …方面不同。1
40stick to 坚持,坚持干,遵循;
2
40stimulated by 受┄的刺激(或激励);
3
40stir up 激起,引起,挑起;
4
40such as 比方说,例如;
5
40support for 对……的支持
6
40sure enough 果然,果然不出所料; 7
40 take away 拿走,夺走;
8
40take a step采取措施; 9 41take advantage of 利用。 0 41take away消耗,清除 1 41take care of照管; 2 41take for 把┄看作,把┄误以为; 3 41take in接受,吸收,欺骗 4 41take on呈现,从事 5
41take over接管
6
41take to开始喜欢,开始从事,开始沉湎于
7
41take up with 开始于~来往;
8
41take up 专用
9
42thanks to由于,幸亏
0
42the bulk of……的主要部分,大多数
1
42the former…the latter…(前者…,后者…) 2
42to … extent在……范围,到……程度
3
42to caution against对……予以警告
4
42to center around以……为中心
5
42to some extent某种程度上,有一点
6
英文偏旁部首归纳
Written and summarized by Jacky Ma
一,名词后缀
---age : postage , package village mileage
---ance/ence reliance dependence importance
---ancy/ency emergency expectancy agency
---er, or, ar (v/n—n) 人或工具
---hood likelihood,childhood
---ion, tion,ation, sion
---ian( 人 ) vegetarian Martian
---ist ( 人 ) anti-fascist
---logy ( 学科 ) logical (adj) logist (n) logically (adv)
---ics ( 科目 )
---ship ( )
---ment (v—n)
---ness (adj—n) There is kindness to be found everywhere.
---ty/ity (adj—n) cruelty
二,动词前后缀
----en / en---- Reading enriches the mind.
---fy/---ify classify-classification humidify-humidification
satisfy-satisfaction
(faction/fication) exemplify-exemplification
---ize ruralization WTO
(ization)
三,形容词后缀
---able/ible stable and prosperous
---al UNESCO
---ful unfaithful
identify-identification
---ic/ical diplomatic dramatic eccentric
---ish
---ive
---ly
---ous anonymous synonymous antonymous
---y
四,实义前缀,后缀
anti: 反, 反对 antisocial 反社会的 anti-japanese war anti-wrinkle抗皱 antioxidant
anti-virus
auto: 自己的 automatic 自动的 automobile autonomous
autoclean autocratic独裁的
bio: 生物,生 biology 生物学 anti-biotics biomedicine
bio-hazard biogas沼气
co: 合 cooperate合作 co-worker co-author co-ordinate坐
标 co-contractor 联合承包商
de:除去,下 defrost除霜 descend下降—ascend
decelerate-accelerate deprive剥削
over: 超,过 overestimate高估 overhead oversleep overcook
overwork
under:不足 underestimate低估 underpay undergraduate大学肄
业生 underspeed underline
inter:际 International 国际 interview interact
interrelationship interdependence互相依赖
mid 中 Mid-Autumn Festival midsummer midlife midpiece
mini 极小的,微小的 minibus小巴 miniskirt minimize miniature
微画
mis 误 misunderstand误解 mislead misplace mistrust
misdiagnosis
post 后 postwar战后 postpone postgraduate postdoctor
postfix
pre 前 predict预言 preview prepare precaution prevent
prefix
sub下 subway地铁 submarine subsidiary 附属的 substitute
subbranch subhealth
tele 远 telescope望远镜 telephone telegram television
telecommunication teleconference
trans转,换,横穿 transformer变压器 transfer 转移 transport运输
translate翻译
semi 半 semi-fianl半决赛 semiconscious semicircle
semiconductor
aqua 水 Aquarius 水瓶座 aquarium aquaculture aquaria鱼塘
National Aquatics Center
geo 地球,形状 geography地理 geometry几何 geology地质学
geothermal
agri 农 agriculture 农业 agrimotor农用拖拉机 agritourism农家乐
uni/ mono 一 uniform制服 united unique monologue
monotonous carbon monoxide
bi/di 二 bilingual 双语的 biped carbon dioxide dialogue
biceps duplicate
tri 三 triangle 三角形 triple tricepes三头肌肉
triplicate
quadru 四 quadruped 四足动物 quadruples四倍
quadruplicate
penta 五 pentagon 五边形 pentameter五步诗 pentathlon五项全
能
hexa 六 hexagon 六边形 hexameter
sept 七 septwolves 七匹狼 septangle
octo 八 octopus 八爪鱼 octogenarian 耄耋
cent/centi 百 centigrade 摄氏度
kilo: 千
in/im 进入, 内
ex- 外
multi –多
ess/ress 女性
---cide 杀 农药
kilogram 千克 kilowatt
intrude侵占 import进口 introvert
exit出口 export extrovert
multimedia multicultural multi-function
waitress 女招待
suicide 自杀 germicide杀菌 pesticide insectcide
---ics 学科 politics政治 physics , mathematics, statistics,
---graphy/graph 写 photography 摄影monograph
---ism 主义 heroism
五,否定前缀, 后缀
un- unhappy________, unknown________
dis- disappear________ dishonest_________
im- impossible_________ immortal_________
autograph亲笔签名
in-independent__________ inadequate_________
a/ab-atypical__________ abnormal__________
il-illeagl__________ illiteratural__________
ir-irregular_________ irresponsible_________
non- non-existent________ non-mainstream__________
---less homeless_________ endless_________
六,短语理解
1, be+adj+prep=V
be fond of 喜欢 be famous for因….而出名
be angry with 对着…生气 be interested in对…感兴趣
be proud of 为….骄傲 be abusive with 滥用 . etc
2, 名词合成字 看右半边
schoolbag=school+bag 学校里用的包(书包),
armchair=arm+chair带手臂的椅子(扶手椅)
frontpage=front+page表面那页(报纸,杂志等的首页)
sweetpotato__________ lifeboat__________ anteater__________
3,介词短语跟在V后=adv
with a start=surprisedly 惊讶地 with ease=easily简单地
in a hurry=hurriedly匆忙地 in despair=desparately绝望地
without hesitation=unhesitatingly毫不犹豫地
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