《总复习》教案

　　高二英语unit17 disabilities知识点总复习教案

　　section iii  词汇语法、综合技能

　　18. every four years, mentally disabled athletes come together to take part in the special olympics. 智障运动员每四年聚会一次，参加特殊奥运会。(p.55 integrating skill 第一段 第1行)   * every的一种用法

　　▲ 此处every用在数词前，如every two (three，etc.)，意为“每两个(三……)个……”。如：① i go there every three days. 我每三天去那里一次。② the american people elect a president every four years. 美国人四年选一次总统。③ there is a bus to the station every ten minutes. 每十分钟有一辆公共汽车进站。④ they stopped and rested every five miles. 他们每五英里停下来休息一会儿。⑤ nine women have lost jobs for every five men. 每五个男子失业就有九个女子失业。

　　【注】也可以跟序数词表示同样的意思。如：① the olympics are held every fourth year. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。② it has been snowing, roughly every third day. 近来大约每三天就要下一次雪。

　　【注】值得注意的是表示“每隔……”。要用every other或every second。如“每隔一天”，要说every other day或every second day。① i went home every other week.我每隔一周回家一次。 ② "please write every other line." said the teacher. 老师说：“请隔行写”。

　　19. just like the regular olympic games, the events are surrounded by grand ceremony and… 正如通常举办的奥运会一样。(p.55 integrating skill 第一段 第2行)

　　* event, incident和accident

　　▲ 这三个词都表示“事件”，但各有不同，event一般表示比较重大的事件或体育运动的比赛项目。如：① a daughter's marriage is quite an event for a mother. 女儿的婚姻对一个母亲来说确实是件大事。② the signing of the declaration of independence was an important event.《独立宣言》的签定是重大事件。③ the next event will be 100 metres. 下一个比赛项目是一百米赛跑。④ the first day at school is a big event in a child's life. 上学第一天在孩子的一生中是件大事。

　　▲incident是指“(不寻常的或令人不快的)事情、小事情、插曲”。① let's forget the whole incident. 忘了那件不愉快的事吧! ② there was a funny incident when the fat woman couldn't get out of the car. 当那个胖女人下不了小汽车时有一段滑稽的插曲。③ that was one 0f the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事之一。

　　▲ incident也可以表示引起战争、争端的事件；可作为battle，war一类词的委婉说法。如：① frontier incidents have been common along the border between the two countries. 两国常发生边界事件。② the diplomatic incident was caused by misunderstanding. 这一外交事件是由误解造成的。

　　▲accident多指“不愉快的、意外的、不测之事导致不良后果”。如：① he lost both his legs in a train accident.

　　他在一次火车事故中失去了双腿。② there were several people injured in the traffic accident. 在这次交通事故中有好几个人受了伤。

　　▲ accident也可以指中性的事情。如：the accident of birth出生这件事。the accident that france and germany have a common border法国和德国有共同的边界线的情况。

　　▲ surround by / with

　　surround by / with意思是“四周都是” “处于……的气氛中”。如：① ours is a hilly area surrounded on three sides by mountains. 我们这儿是一个山区，三面都是大山。② the garden was large, surrounded by a high wall and shaded by thick trees. 这座花园很大，周围有一道高墙，里面有茂密的树林。③ they love being surrounded by familiar possessions. 他们喜欢周围摆放一些熟悉的东西。④he found himself surrounded with an atmosphere of kindness. 他发现自己处在友好的气氛之中。⑤ they were surrounded with dangers they knew. 他们知道他们处于危险之中。

　　【注】surrounded with / by实际上是个过去分词短语，现在分词surrounding可单独作前置定语。如：① the town's water comes from the surrounding hills. 这个城镇的水是从周围的小山上流下来的。② there are a lot of interesting places to visit in the surrounding area. 周围地区有很多风景胜地可参观。

　　【注】surrounding也可作名词用，意为“周围的事物”“环境”。如：① i'd like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings. 我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。② she grew up in comfortable surroundings. 她在舒适的环境中长大。

　　20. living with a mental disability is perhaps the most difficult challenge a human being can face in life. 同残疾人生活在一起也许是人们所能面临的最困难的挑战。(p. 55 integrating skills 第二段第1 – 2行)

　　▲ face vt. / vi.“面向”“朝”此时可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词 ① she turned to face the newcomer and introduced herself. 她转身面向新来者作了自我介绍。② the building faces the street. 那建筑物面对着街道。③ -- how does that house face? -- it faces to the east. “那座房子朝哪边?”“朝东边。” ④ manufacturing industry face a grim future if the government pursues its present policies.如果政府继续推行现行政策，制造工业将面临严酷的未来。⑤ he couldn't face his boss after making such a fool of himself at the meeting. 他做出这样的丑事后，不敢面对自己的老板。

　　face常用短语: face a person down 以势压人; face up to 勇敢地对付; be faced with 面临、面对; face out 大胆地，坚持到底; face to face 面对面；相对; in a person's face 当着某人的面; in the face of 面对，不顾; make / pull a face 扮鬼脸; set / put one's face against 强烈反对、抵制; take on a new face 面貌一新; turn one’s face away 把脸转过去; face the music 面对失败、接受批评

　　拓展：face 还可意为“面对/面临(问题、挫折、困难等)”

　　21. the disability makes everyday life difficult and society often fails to treat the mentally disabled with dignity and respect. 残疾使日常生活困难，社会也经常不能给智力障碍者以尊重和尊严。(p. 55 integrating skills 第二段第2行)

　　▲注意everyday和every day在用法上的不同，前者是形容词，作前置定语，后者作状语修饰动词。如：① it is a common everyday expression. 这是一个普通的日常用语。② then she changed into her everyday clothes.然后她换上了日常的衣服。③ the book is written in simple everyday english. 这本书是用简单的日常用语写的。④ she came to see us every day. 她每天都来看我们。⑤ every day you said to yourself, "i will learn my lesson tomorrow." now you see what has happened. 每天你总对自己说“我明天学功课。”现在你看发生什么了。

　　▲ fail表示“没能做到某事”可用fail to do sth. 也可以说fail in doing sth.。如： ①he rang the number again, but failed to get a connection. 他又拔了那个号，仍然没能接通。② i failed to see him. he was out. 我没见到他，他出去了。③ he failed to pass the examination though carelessness. 由于粗心，他考试没有及格。④ i failed in persuading him. 我没能说服他。⑤ he always fails to lock the door when he leaves. 他离开时总是忘记锁门。

　　【注意】fail sb. 有“使某人失望”之意。如：① his friends failed him when he most needed them. 他的朋友们在他最需要他们的时候使他失望了。② she reached for a chair and sat down suddenly, as if her legs had failed her.她伸手抓过一把椅子，突然坐了下来，好像她的腿支持不住了似的。③ she was so upset that words failed her.她心烦意乱得说不出话来。④ he would have succeeded if his courage hadn't failed him. 如果他当时没有失去勇气，他就成功了。

　　▲ dignity

　　(1) n. 高尚的品质；尊严；尊贵，真正的价值 only a free man has human dignity. 只有真正自由的人才有人的尊严。

　　(2) n. 庄严的举止，端正的仪态 she kept her dignity despite the hissing. 尽管嘘声四起，她依旧泰然自若。

　　(3) be beneath one's dignity 有失身份。some husbands still think it beneath their dignity to do the shopping. 有些丈夫到现在仍旧认为让他们去买东西是件有失面子的事。

　　(4) stand on one's dignity 保持尊严；自命不凡 she doesn't stand on her dignity and treat the rest of us as servants. 她没有摆架子把我们当仆人看待。

　　联系：dignity v. 使……显得尊贵；给……增光dignified adj. 高雅的，高贵的dignitary n. 显要人物，权贵

　　22. for a long time, mental disability was considered shameful and the mentally disabled received little treat- ment or encouragement. 而社会往往又不能给残疾人以尊严和尊敬。(p. 55 integrating skills 第二段第4行)

　　▲ consider

　　(1) 考虑 consider + n. ① i sat down by the fire to consider my position. 我坐在火堆旁考虑我的处境。② that's what we have to consider now. 那是我们现在所要考虑的问题。

　　注意：consider不接不定式作宾语但可接特殊疑问词加不定式的结构。① you have to consider what to do next. 你必须考虑下一步干什么。② have you considered how to get there? 你考虑好如何到那儿了吗?

　　注意：跟动名词，不跟动名词的复合结构。① i considered going to see him myself. 我想亲自去看他。②跟介词或不加任何成分 ③ you must consider well over the matter. 在这件事上，你必须考虑周全。④ let me consider. 让我想想。

　　(2) 认为，以为

　　* 跟从句 we consider that you are not to blame. 我们认为你不应受责备。

　　* 跟名词的复合结构 ① i don't consider him a good friend. 我不认为他是我的好友。② we consider chairman mao a great man. 我们认为毛主席是伟人。

　　* 跟形容词的复合结构 ①they considered themselves superior to others. 他们自以为自己比别人优秀。②i con- sider what he said unimportant. 我认为他说的不重要。

　　* 跟不定式的复合结构(主要接to be的形式，也可用其他形式) ① you surely can't consider him to be a selfish man. 你当然不认为他是个自私的人。② i consider him to have acted disgracefully. 我认为他表演得并不优雅。

　　联想：considerable adj. 相当多的，相当大的

　　considerate adj. 体贴的、体谅的、考虑周到的

　　consideration 考虑；体贴、关心；要考虑的事

　　▲ shameful

　　辨析：ashamed与shameful

　　ashamed 指人(感到)惭愧的，羞耻的；

　　shameful 指(行为等)可耻的，不道德的。例如: he is ashamed of his shameful conduct. 他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。

　　联想：shame n. 羞耻、羞愧；可耻的人(或物)；vt. 使……受羞辱，使丢脸

　　ashamed adj. (感到)害臊的，羞耻的

　　shameless adj. 无耻的，不要脸的

　　shamefully adv. 可耻地  shamefulness n. 耻辱

　　拓展：put sb. / sth. to shame 使……蒙羞，使没面子; shame sb. into / out of doing sth. 使某人感到羞愧而做/不做某事; be ashamed to do sth. 因羞愧而勉强做某事; 以做某事为耻辱; be ashamed of 对……感到羞愧; be ashamed that… 对……感到羞愧

　　23. by preparing for and participating in the special olympics,… 通过筹备和参加特奥会… (p. 55 integrating skills 第三段第1行)

　　* 动词participate的用法

　　▲ participate意为“参加”“参与”，与介词in连用相当于take part in。如：① everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion. 希望班上每个人都参加到讨论中来。② he refused to participate in the sports meet.

　　他拒绝参加运动会。③ terry can't participate in the match because he has hurt his foot. 特里不能参加比赛，因为他扭伤了脚。

　　▲ participate可作“分享”“分担”解，而take part in无此解。如：participate in one's suffering 分担某人的痛苦participate in the profits 分享利润

　　24. one thousand participants from canada and the united states competed in three events. 来自加拿大和美国的一千多名参加者在三项比赛中进行了角逐。(p. 55 integrating skills 第三段 第6 – 7 行)

　　* 动词compete的用法

　　▲ compete意思是“竞争”“比赛”“争夺”，表示与谁竞争、比赛，介词用with或against；表示竞争的目的，即想要得到什么，用介词for，即compete with / against sb. for sth.。如：① he competed with a man from california for the post. 他与一个从加里福尼亚来的人争夺这个职位。② fifty students competed with one another for the scholarship. 五十名学生相互竞争以取得这项奖学金。③ the young golfer often competes against famous players, but so far he has always been beaten. 那个年轻高尔夫球手常与名手较量，但到目前为止还没有赢过。④ the banks have long competed with each other.

　　银行间早就开始了竞争。⑤ the american economy and its ability to compete abroad is slowing down.美国经济增速放缓，对外竞争力下降。⑥ the firm is too small to compete with large international companies. 这家公司太小了，竞争不过国际性大公司。⑦ both girls are always competing for their father's attention. 两个姑娘总是竞相争取父亲的注意。

　　25. interest in the special olympics has spread across the world and cities are now competing for the honour to host the event. 如今一些城市都在争取特奥会的举办权，并以此为荣。(p.55 reading 最后一段 倒数第5 – 3行)      ▲honour

　　(1) n.荣誉、光荣；(高尚)人格；尊敬(多作不可数名词) ① they fight for the honour of the country. 他们为国家荣誉而战。② he is a man of honour. 他是一个人格高尚的人。③ we must show honour to our parents. 我们应尊敬父母。

　　注意：也可用作可数名词，使人感到荣幸的人或事(多用单数)；代表荣誉的东西(奖品、奖章等) (多用复数)。① it's an honour to meet you. 很荣幸见到你。② he graduated with honours. 他以优异的成绩毕业。

　　(2) vt. 尊敬，使……感到荣幸 ①chaplin was honoured for his contribution to the film industry. 卓别林因其对电影业的贡献而受到尊敬。② the president honoured him with his presence.  总统的到场使他感到无比荣幸。③ will you honour me with a visit? 可否请你光临?

　　短语：in honour of 为了纪念; with honours 以优异成绩; have the honour of 有幸……, 荣幸地……; show honour to sb. 尊敬某人

　　26. chinese athletes, their friends, parents and the audience will be proud to welcome special olympians to china. 中国运动员和他们的朋友，父母以及运动会的观众都将以骄傲的姿态欢迎特奥会在中国的召开。(p.55 reading 最后一段 倒数第2 – 1行)  ▲ welcome

　　(1) vt. welcome / greet sb. on one's arrival 用作及物动词，意为“欢迎(人)，高兴迎接”。如:  ① the queen welcomed the president as he got off the plane. 总统走下飞机时，女王上前迎接。② the heroes were warmly welcomed by the masses. 英雄们受到了群众的热烈欢迎。③ i shall welcome the coming of warm weather. 我将欢迎温暖天气的来临。

　　(2) welcome也可用作形容词，意为“受欢迎的，被愉快接受的”。如: ① you are always welcome at our house.欢迎你随时来我们家。② he didn’t make his guests very welcome. 他待客冷淡。③all suggestions will be welcome. 欢迎一切建议。

　　(3) welcome也可用作名词，意为“欢迎、款待”，为可数名词。如: ① they gave us a warm welcome. 他们热烈欢迎我们。② the president of the college extended a warm welcome to the visiting professor. 院长向来访的教授表示热烈的欢迎。③ you are welcome. (回答对方道谢时的客套话，主要用于美国英语)，意为“不用谢，别客气”。如: -- it's just what i wanted. thank you very much.

　　这正是我要的东西，非常感谢。-- you're welcome. 不用谢。

　　注意：welcome是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是welcomed，welcomed，而不welcome，welcome；“欢迎某人做某事”不能说welcome sb. to do sth. 而说sb. be welcome to do sth. 如: (×)we welcome foreign friends to visit china. (√)foreign friends are welcome to visit chins.我们欢迎外国朋友来中国参观。